Conventional binders in the particleboards formulation involve use of formaldehyde resins. Epidemiologic studies show that formaldehyde is carcinogenic. Efforts to reduce formaldehyde emissions by use of scavengers has not ...

Most of concrete structural failures are attributed to poor workmanship and poor engineering designs. Some microorganisms present in sewer systems can degrade the concrete and/or mortar. Concrete failures due to microbial ...