| dc.description.abstract | The growing interest in therapeutic and natural personal care products has fuelled the study for alternative to synthetic ingredients. Camel milk being rich in proteins, vitamins, and antimicrobial properties, is a promising active ingredient for skin care formulations. This study, therefore, explored the possibility of using camel milk creaming bath soap formulation and analysed its physicochemical properties, antibacterial activity and sensory acceptability. Bath soaps were produced using the cold saponification process using camel milk cream, palm oil, and coconut oil as primary ingredients. Fresh camel milk and cream were subjected to compositional and quality analyses, including density (Lactometer), fat content (Gerber method), and protein content (Kjeldahl method). The saponification reaction and resultant soap formulations were further analysed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to monitor functional group changes and confirm reaction completion. The formulated soaps were characterized for physicochemical properties such as pH (multipara meter pH meter), total fatty matter (gravimetric method), moisture content (oven-drying at 110 °C), foam stability (cylinder shake test), hardness (cone penetrometer) and alkali content (acid–base titration). Shelf life was evaluated over 8 weeks by monitoring pH, alkali content, and total fatty matter. Antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli was determined using the agar well diffusion method, with inhibition zones analysed by Duncan’s multiple range Test (p< 0.05) antibacterial activity. The sensory evaluation indicated high consumer acceptability, with positive feedback on the soap's skin-smoothing and moisturizing effects. All the parameters analysed were compared with commercial soaps such as Imperial leather. Remarkably, the soap formulatedwith20% coconut oil and 20% camel milk cream showed a balanced physicochemical properties and antibacterial activities comparable to that of Dettol. These findings suggest that camel milk cream can serve as an effective natural alternative to synthetic antibacterial agents used in commercial soaps. | en_US |
