Abstract Rapid deterioration is a serious problem in postharvest storage of Agaricus bisporus (A. bisporus). Hence, measures to improve shelf-life of the mushroom are of great importance. This study analyzed the effect of preharvest treatment of A. bisporus with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on the postharvest storage quality. Appearance and texture characteristics were determined during a 10-day storage period at 4 °C, and the results showed that MeJA improved the appearance of A. bisporus by inhibiting browning and color variation. Additionally, weight loss and cellulose content were inhibited in MeJA-treated groups. Consequently, MeJA maintained a dense microstructure and alleviated the decline of fracturability and springiness of the mushroom. Thus, MeJA inhibited deterioration and prolonged postharvest storage period of A. bisporus by enhancing appearance and texture characteristics. These results provide important information on improving postharvest quality in the A. bisporus cultivation industry.