Ascoma morphologies have traditionally been used to classify filamentous ascomycete fungi. Phylogenies generated using DNA sequence data have since shown most of the previously identified groups not to be monophyletic. The relationships of hysterothecia-bearing ascolocularous fungi have been unsettled for many years. Recent molecular studies have shown this group as currently circumscribed not to constitute natural groupings. This study targeted wide taxon sampling to assess the validity of the current classification in the group. A data set of 40 taxa was assembled including sequence data from nuclear large subunit rDNA and translation elongation factor 1 alpha for each taxon with 68 new sequences being generated for this study and aligned with 62 sequences obtained from GenBank. Parsimony, Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood analyses were performed on the data.Mytilinidiales was recovered as a strongly supported monophyletic clade, while a monophyletic Hysteriales was also recovered but with weak support. Gloniaceae (comprising the genus Glonium s. str. excluding Psiloglonium) was shown not toNbe monophyletic. This study established a monophyletic hysterothecial clade nested within Pleosporales, for which we proposed a new genus, Anteaglonium gen. nov. including two new species, A. globosum sp. nov. and A. latirostrum sp. nov. that are described. This relationship was strongly supported and most statistical analyses support the placement. The result of this study further indicates that the hysterothecial type of ascomata may have evolved several times within the ascolocularous fungi