Objective The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of knowledge-sharing practices in monitoring and evaluation (M&E) on programme performance, and to establish the correlation between knowledge-sharing practices in M&E and programme performance. Theoretical Framework This study's theoretical framework is based on knowledge management theory, which guides the effective management of knowledge throughout the project lifecycle. Additionally, the SECI model contributes to the theoretical framework, suggesting that knowledge is created and transformed through four key processes: socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization. Method A mixed-methods research design was employed, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. The research population comprised 465 individuals, with a sample size of 215. Data were collected using surveys, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. Data analysis involved frequencies, percentages, standard deviations, and correlation coefficient statistics. Results and Discussion The study found that M&E knowledge-sharing practices and livelihood programme performance had composite mean scores of 3.935 and 3.88, respectively. This indicates the presence of knowledge-sharing practices and general agreement that the programme performed well. A statistically significant correlation was established between M&E knowledge-sharing practices and livelihood programme performance (r = 0.472, p < .001) as implemented by Caritas Meru, Kenya. Specifically, knowledge documenting (r = 0.463, p < .001) and knowledge dissemination through group meetings (r = 0.584, p < .001) were found to be statistically significant practices contributing to performance. Research Implications The study recommends the establishment of frameworks within development programmes by county and national governments, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and other project-oriented institutions to ensure systematic knowledge documenting and dissemination, thereby enhancing programme and project performance. Originality/Value This study contributes to the body of literature by establishing a positive correlation between knowledge-sharing practices and performance in livelihood programmes. It advocates for the development and implementation of well-structured knowledge management frameworks in M&E to support effective programme performance.